From a Marxist perspective, there are four main thematic fields:. In William Chambliss published his theory that criminalization is part of the political economy, political power struggle and bureaucratic organization. The mere fact that there are different social classes creates social conflicts.
Rules and laws are enacted solely for the reason that the established can control and ward off dangers. Criminals thus belong to the powerless class over which the powerful class determines and ascribes crime status to them. It was Richard Quinney who, in , continued to specify in particular the previous theoretical views on conflict by using Marxist ideas as a basis for the theory of conflict. For him, every form of deviation represented a conscious resistance to social oppression.
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WordPress Shortcode. Next SlideShares. Download Now Download to read offline and view in fullscreen. Education , Technology , Business. Download Now Download Download to read offline. One reason for this is that they see the law as something created by the ruling class to serve their own interests, which are coincident with the capitalist system. From this perspective, legal acts might be harmful; at the same time, sections of society may consider some technically illegal activity harmless or even admirable like revolutionary activism.
Chambliss argues that most law in the US and the UK is property law and this primarily protects people who own property. In his famous study of Seattle, he went further to argue that members of the ruling class were part of a crime syndicate who used their wealth and influence to bribe officials and avoid punishment. He wrote that this included politicians and business owners.
His argument was that the criminal justice system was not really there to catch them; nominally universal laws were applied selectively to control the working class while protecting the rich. Graham illustrated Chambliss's point further by looking at how the government policed the illegal trade in drugs, particularly amphetamines.
Even though there was a "war on drugs" in the US at the time, Graham found that politicians agreed not to greatly restrict amphetamine production and distribution because most of it was made and sold by large pharmaceutical companies rather than "criminals". They argue that white collar crimes which tend to be committed by the more powerful in society are ignored, while crimes committed by the less powerful in society such as burglary and street crime are focussed on and seen as more serious.
Marxists would also argue that different social classes are policed differently, with the working class heavily policed in the expectation that they will be more criminal and therefore raising the chances of their crimes being detected. Marxist sociologists such as Milton Mankoff, Frank Pearce and Laureen Snider see power as largely being held by those who own and control the means of production.
The superstructure reflects the relationship between the powerful and the relatively powerless: the ruling and subject classes. As part of the superstructure, the state, the agencies of social control, the law, and definitions of deviance in general, reflect and serve ruling-class interests. Laws reflect the interests of the bourgeoisie. They are passed by bourgeois parliament masked in a fake democratic process. These laws are then enforced by the Police and supported by right-wing sections of an increasingly powerful media.
Many Marxist sociologists have noted the large number of laws dealing with property in capitalist society.
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