If a stent was placed during the procedure, it may be removed at this time. Your doctor may give you additional or alternate instructions after the procedure, depending on your particular situation. Health Home Treatments, Tests and Therapies. Other procedures that may be used to treat kidney stones include: Urethroscopy or ureteroscopy. Endoscopic procedures in which stones in the urethra or ureter may be removed with a device inserted through a short, flexible, lighted tube, called an endoscope.
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy tunnel surgery. A surgical procedure for stones that cannot be treated with lithotripsy or endoscopic procedures. It involves the removal of a stone through a thin tube tunneled through a small incision in the back into the kidney. Open surgery.
A more invasive surgical procedure using a larger incision to directly access the stone. A synthetic, tubular device that may be used along with other procedures. A stent may be inserted through a special scope into the urinary tract to allow stones to pass more easily. About kidney stones When substances that are normally excreted through the kidneys remain in the urinary tract, they may crystallize and harden into a kidney stone.
Types of kidney stones include: Calcium stones. Calcium, a normal part of a healthy diet used in bones and muscles, is normally flushed out with the rest of the urine. However, excess calcium not used by the body may combine with other waste products to form a stone. Struvite stones. Struvite stones, composed of magnesium, phosphate, and ammonia, may occur after a urinary tract infection. Uric acid stones. Uric acid stones may occur when urine is too acidic, as in certain conditions, such as gout or malignancies.
Cystine stones. Cystine stones consist of cystine, one of the building blocks that make up muscles, nerves, and other parts of the body. How does the urinary system work? Urinary system parts and their functions: Two kidneys.
A pair of purplish-brown organs located below the ribs toward the middle of the back. Their function is to: Remove liquid waste from the blood in the form of urine Keep a stable balance of salts and other substances in the blood Produce erythropoietin, a hormone that aids the formation of red blood cells Regulate blood pressure The kidneys remove urea from the blood through tiny filtering units called nephrons.
Two ureters. Narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Muscles in the ureter walls continually tighten and relax forcing urine downward, away from the kidneys.
If urine backs up, or is allowed to stand still, a kidney infection can develop. About every 10 to 15 seconds, small amounts of urine are emptied into the bladder from the ureters. A triangle-shaped, hollow organ located in the lower abdomen. It is held in place by ligaments that are attached to other organs and the pelvic bones. The bladder's walls relax and expand to store urine, and contract and flatten to empty urine through the urethra.
The typical healthy adult bladder can store up to two cups of urine for two to five hours. Two sphincter muscles. Circular muscles that help keep urine from leaking by closing tightly like a rubber band around the opening of the bladder Nerves in the bladder.
These alert a person when it is time to urinate, or empty the bladder Urethra. The tube that allows urine to pass outside the body. The brain signals the bladder muscles to tighten, which squeezes urine out of the bladder.
At the same time, the brain signals the sphincter muscles to relax to let urine exit the bladder through the urethra. When all the signals occur in the correct order, normal urination occurs. Reasons for the procedure The primary advantage of lithotripsy is that it is completely non-invasive. There may be other reasons for your doctor to recommend lithotripsy. Risks of the procedure You may want to ask your doctor about the amount of radiation used during the procedure and the risks related to your particular situation.
Complications of lithotripsy may include, but are not limited to, the following: Bleeding around the kidney Infection Obstruction of the urinary tract by stone fragments Stone fragments left that may require more lithotripsies Contraindications for lithotripsy include, but are not limited to, the following: Pregnant patients Patients on "blood thinners" or patients with bleeding disorders.
Aspirin or other blood thinners must be discontinued for at least 1 week prior to lithotripsy. Patients with chronic kidney infection, as some fragments may not pass, so the bacteria will not be completely eliminated from the kidney. Is lithotripsy painful? Most patients are able to control discomfort with over-the-counter pain medications. How long does a stent stay in after lithotripsy? Some patients may have a stent placed to prevent blockage of the urine flow from stones or swelling of the ureter.
The stent will be removed once enough time has passed to allow the swelling of the ureter to resolve. Your doctor will tell you when to return to have the stent removed. Some patients may have a small thin black string coming out of the urethra the tube your urine comes through. This string is connected to the stent and used to remove the stent when it is time for it to be removed. If this string retracts into the urethra and cannot be seen, do not worry.
This is very common. How long does it take for a kidney stone to pass after lithotripsy? The stone fragments may pass in within a week but could take up to weeks for all fragments to pass. Quick Facts. Request Appointment. Lithotripsy Doctors. Lithotripsy ESWL. Stones that are smaller than 2 cm in diameter are the best size for SWL.
The treatment might not be effective in very large ones. SWL is more appropriate for some people than others. Because x-rays and shock waves are needed in SWL, pregnant women with stones are not treated this way. People with bleeding disorders, infections, severe skeletal abnormalities, or who are morbidly obese also not usually good candidates for SWL. You will be positioned on an operating table. A soft, water-filled cushion may be placed on your abdomen or behind your kidney.
The body is positioned so that the stone can be targeted precisely with the shock wave. In an older method, the patient is placed in a tub of lukewarm water. About thousand shock waves are needed to crush the stones. The complete treatment takes about 45 to 60 minutes. Sometimes, doctors insert a tube via the bladder and thread it up to the kidney just prior to SWL. These tubes called stents are used when the ureter is blocked, when there is a risk of infection and in patients with intolerable pain or reduced kidney function.
After the procedure, you will usually stay for about an hour then be allowed to return home if all goes well. You will be asked to drink plenty of liquid, strain your urine through a filter to capture the stone pieces for testing, and you may need to take antibiotics and painkillers. Some studies have reported stones may come out better if certain drugs calcium antagonists or alpha-blockers are used after SWL.
Yes, even though there is no incision, there will be pain. You and your doctor will discuss whether light sedation and local or general anesthetics will be used. The choice depends on the technique, the type of stone and the patient.
SWL can be delivered with just mild sedation, but in general, some type of anesthesia--either local, regional or general--is used to help the patient remain still, reduce any discomfort, and this improves the breaking of the stone. The main advantage of this treatment is that it treats kidney stones without an incision.
As a result, hospital stays and recovery time are reduced. But, while SWL can work, it doesn't always work. In others, stone fragments of various sizes remain.
Sometimes a repeat procedure or a different procedure is needed. SWL has the potential to cause kidney injury. Whether or not SWL causes or leads to the development of high blood pressure and diabetes remains controversial. These possibilities are still being studied. You should ask your doctor about risks and benefits of SWL in your situation. The recovery time is usually fairly brief. After treatment, the patient can get up to walk almost at once, Many people can fully resume daily activities within one to two days.
Special diets are not required, but drinking plenty of water helps the stone fragments pass. For several weeks, you may pass stone fragments.
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